Java 装饰器模式 (Decorator)

装饰器模式是一种结构型设计模式，它允许你通过将对象放入包含行为的特殊封装对象中来为原对象绑定新的行为。装饰器模式提供了比继承更灵活的方式来扩展对象的功能。

定义组件接口

java

        public interface Component {
    String operation();
}

创建具体组件

java

        public class ConcreteComponent implements Component {
    @Override
    public void operation() {
        System.out.println("ConcreteComponent operation");
    }
}

创建装饰器

java

        public abstract class Decorator implements Component {
    protected Component component;

    public Decorator(Component component) {
        this.component = component;
    }

    @Override
    public void operation() {
        component.operation();
    }
}

实现具体装饰器

java

        public class ConcreteDecoratorA extends Decorator {
    public ConcreteDecoratorA(Component component) {
        super(component);
    }

    @Override
    public void operation() {
        super.operation();
        addedBehavior();
    }

    private void addedBehavior() {
        System.out.println("ConcreteDecoratorA added behavior");
    }
}

public class ConcreteDecoratorB extends Decorator {
    public ConcreteDecoratorB(Component component) {
        super(component);
    }

    @Override
    public void operation() {
        super.operation();
        addedBehavior();
    }

    private void addedBehavior() {
        System.out.println("ConcreteDecoratorB added behavior");
    }
}

使用装饰器

java

        public class DecoratorPatternDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Component component = new ConcreteComponent();
        Component decoratorA = new ConcreteDecoratorA(component);
        Component decoratorB = new ConcreteDecoratorB(decoratorA);

        decoratorB.operation();
    }
}